LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC

General Information | Electoral System | Last Elections | Presidency of the Parliament

GENERAL INFORMATION
Parliament: Sapha Heng Xat
National Assembly
Structure: Unicameral
Chamber: Sapha Heng Xat - National Assembly
President: Samane Vignaket (M)
Secretary general: Chaleun Yiapaoheu (M)
Members: 85
directly elected
Percentage of women: 9 %
Term: 5 years
Last renewal: 20 December 1992
Address: National Assembly
N.A. Building
1 That-Luang Square
P.O. Box 662 - VIENTIANE
Tel.: (85621) 41 35 18, 41 35 09,
41 35 11
Cable: National Assembly, Vientiane
Telex: -
Fax: (85621) 41 35 13, 41 40 09, 41 98 49
Affiliation to IPU: Yes
Affiliation dates: 1956 - 1975
1990

ELECTORAL SYSTEM

Constituencies:
18 multi-member (2 to 11 seats) constituencies.

Voting system:
Party-list simple majority vote.
Vacancies arising between general elections are filled through by-elections.

Voter requirements:
- age: 18 years
- Lao citizenship

Eligibility:
- age: 21 years
- Lao citizenship
- ineligibility: insanity, deprivation of civil and political rights by court decision

Incompatibilities:
(not applicable)

Candidacy requirements:
- support of local committees or mass organizations

LAST ELECTIONS
Date(s) of elections / renewal
20 December 1992

Purpose of elections
Elections were held for all seats of the new Parliament provided for in the August 1991 Constitution. General elections had previously been held for a 79-member Supreme People's Assembly in March 1989.

Background and outcome of elections
In December 1975, a 45-member Supreme People's Assembly was appointed to draft a new Constitution. Only in February 1986, however, was work on a draft reported to be complete. A new, 79-member Assembly was directly elected in March 1989, and approved the new basic law in August 1991. This document, among other things, increased the power of Parliament and cemented market-oriented economic changes.
All 154 candidates - of whom 16 women, 34 nominated by state institutions at the central level and 120 by different state and public services at the local level - for the 85 seats at stake were approved by the ruling, communist Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP), although four ran as independents. The LPRP is the dominant force in the umbrella Lao Front for National Reconstruction. Campaign issues focused to a great extent on the country's social and economic development, the latter promoted significantly by ex-President of the Republic Kaysone Phomvihane. Final election results were only compiled by January 1993, because many ballots had to be brought in from remote villages.
The newly elected Assembly held its first meeting on 20 February. Two days later, incumbent President of the Republic Nouhak Phoumsavan and Prime Minister Khamtay Siphandon were confirmed in their posts, and the appointment of a new Council of Ministers was approved.

Statistics
LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC National Assembly

1. Results of the elections

Number of registered electors2,024,756
Voters2,009,727 (99.33%)


2. Distribution of seats according to political group

Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP)85


3. Distribution of seats according to education

Primary school3
Lower Secondary school33
Upper Secondary school28
University and higher21
___
85


4. Distribution of seats according to sex

Men77
Women8
___
85


5. Distribution of seats according to age

Under 40 years7
40-49 "38
50-59 "28
60-79 "12
___
85
Average Age: 50 years



PRESIDENCY OF THE PARLIAMENT

Appointment and term of office | Status | Functions

APPOINTMENT AND TERM OF OFFICE

Title:
President of the National Assembly

Term:
- duration: 5 years (term of House)
- reasons for interruption of the term: resignation, President's responsibility called into question, death, dissolution of the Assembly

Appointment:
- elected by all Members of the Assembly
- the election is held at the beginning of the new legislature
- before validation of mandates and swearing-in

Eligibility:
- any Member may be a candidate, but must give formal notification of his/her candidature before the inaugural session of the Assembly

Voting system:
- formal, public vote by a show of hands
- one round of voting
- a simple majority is required

Procedures / results :
- the outgoing President presides over the Assembly during the voting
- the President supervises the voting
- the outgoing President announces the results without delay
- the results cannot be challenged

STATUS

Status:
- ranks second in the hierarchy of the State
- may replace the Head of State in the latter's absence
- represents the Assembly with the authorities
- is ex officio a member of bodies outside Parliament
- represents the Assembly in international bodies
- is ex officio chairman of committees or other bodies
- in the absence of the President, one of the Vice-President can assume his/her role and functions

Board:
- the Standing Committee is regulated by the Standing Orders
- consists of the President of the Assembly and 7 Members
- members serve a five-year term
- meets once monthly when convened by the President
- assists the President and constitutes a genuine collegial presidency

Material facilities:
- allowance: 300,000 kips per month
- official residence
- official car
- secretariat
- additional staff
- domestic personnel
- bodyguards

FUNCTIONS

Organization of parliamentary business:
- convenes sessions
- establishes and modifies the agenda
- organizes the debates and sets speaking time
- examines the admissibility of bills and amendments
- refers texts to a committee for study
- examines the admissibility of requests for setting up committees and/or committees of enquiry, proposes or decides on the setting-up of such committees

Chairing of public sittings:
- can open, adjourn and close sittings
- ensures respect for provisions of the Constitution and Standing Orders
- takes disciplinary measures in the event of disturbance, and lifts such measures
- establishes the list of speakers, gives and withdraws permission to speak
- establishes the order in which amendments are taken up and selects which amendments are to be debated
- calls for a vote, decides how it is to be carried out, verifies the voting procedure and cancels a vote in the event of irregularities
- checks the quorum
- authenticates the texts adopted and the records of debates
- interprets the rules or other regulations governing the life of the Assembly

Special powers:
- advises with regard to the establishment of the budget
- examines the proposal made by the Secretariat Commission of the Standing Committee for the recruitment, assignment and promotion of staff
- appoints the Clerk after having consulted the Standing Committee
- organizes the services of Parliament after having consulted the Standing Committee
- plays a specific role in the conduct of foreign affairs or defence matters
- is responsible for relations with foreign Parliaments
- is responsible for safety, and in this capacity, can call the police in the event of disturbance in the Chamber

Speaking and voting rights, other functions:
- takes the floor in legislative debates
- provides guidelines for the interpretation or completion of the text under discussion
- takes part in voting
- proposes bills or amendments
- intervenes in the parliamentary oversight procedure
- ensures the constitutionality of laws
- may appoint members of the Constitutional Court
- is consulted in certain circumstances (dissolution, appointment of the Prime Minister, etc.)